OUGD401 - From Theory Into Practice

Following the feedback I got in the critique, I have decided that I am going to create two books instead of one, to spread out the information more, and have a fold out poster of the history of lomography. This will be packaged in a cardbox box, similar to how the cameras of Lomography are packaged:

The first book is going to be about the different cameras and films that are available, with examples of photography throughout which can be achieved with these. It will also tell people how to achieve the shots. The book will be aimed at lomographers (a 500,000 strong community) as well as people who are interested in photography and wanting to start lomography. 

Here is the page layout for the first book.

Here is the layout for the second book:

Here are the new nets for the pinhole camera:

I decided to do three so there was a variation, and based them on existing lomography cameras that are featured in the first book following feedback I received from the critique. They are in the same colours that they are in the first book. I decided on these particular cameras because the Diana Baby 100 is a different film format to the others, and Diana is arguably the most well known lomo camera. The Lomo LC-A is the original camera so it seemed right to include that, and the La Sardina already comes in lots of different patterns and variations, so this would just be another one to that collection.

I put the endpages on both of the books as the pattern I originally wanted to use on the pinhole camera net, and this is also what I want to use on the bellyband. I did this so that the inside and the outside will match. I decided it should be grey because these are two of the colours that are used on the website, and the least bold ones so that it won't distract from the content on the book.

I then went to print it, and as I have decided to do hardcover binding, I need to print it into sections. So I made postscript files for each sections in InDesign into Adobe Acrobat, and this is what I printed double sided.
Originally I started to print in the Digital Dungeon on A2, but they only printed four pieces of paper in an hour, and I had 26 to print so I wouldn't have had time. So I altered the paper size slightly, so that it would fit onto A3.
I also realised that cartridge paper didn't work that well with what I was doing, as there was a lot of photography and it dulled it down. 
So I then printed on bulky newsprint in the studio. Some of the pages aren't in line with the other side, but nothing too major.

(cartridge)

As they are all printed now, I went to use the laser cutter to perforate the edges of the pinhole camera nets. I did try and scale them as much as I could on Illustrator, but they were still out of line. I'm not too bothered though as I got to try a new technique and on the test piece I did, it popped out really easily.

Here is the piece that I popped out of the page:

I organised the pages into sections, and creased them with a bone folder so that they were ready for when I went to bind at Vernon Street.
When I went there, I pierced four holes in the spine of the sections, and started sewing them together. Then I put PVA glue on the spine of them to secure it, and waited for it to dry.
Then I measured out the mountboard and the buckham material for the hardcover. I had to trim the buckham so that it would fold round the mountboard well, and then I went to stick the endpages on the cover. For the buckham, I decided to use a light blue, as I think that this will stand out well against the cardboard box, and work well with the grey pattern.

A couple of the pages were cut off on the left, and where it hasn't printed aligned, some pages at the centre overlap from over pages.

However, when I went to stick the end pages onto the cover, it didn't quite go to plan. I was doing it on my own, and as I haven't done it before I didn't really know what I was doing, and the PVA was drying really fast so I didn't have a lot of time to put it on properly. It ended up not being aligned properly so I had to rip the pages out, which cause a bit of a mess. 
I then decided to use double sided tape instead as I could peel it back up if I wanted to, and pay a bit more time making sure it was on properly. It worked a lot better, but it still isn't perfect. 

I found a net I liked in the Structural Packaging book, and then using Illustrator and mock-ups I adapted it so that it would be the right proportions for my books.

I now started to work on the box. As I have done the net, I wanted to cut it using the lasercutter. However, as the scale is A0, it wouldn't fit on the lasercutter, as it only cuts up to A1. So I got a copied out the measurements from the Illustrator file onto the cardboard and cut it using a scalpel, and scored it using the back of the scalpel. 

I had to trim certain areas as it didn't quite fit, and I think im going to have to glue the tabs together as the bottom kept popping open. 

 I put a page from the book within the box so I could make sure it was the right size.

I got some acetate to cover where the window is, so that you can't just grab the books out of the top. 

I decided to stick the tabs together with double sided tape as it seemed to work better with the book when I used that.

I then needed to make the insert, and I wanted it to be a little lower than the height of the two books together, so you can easily pick up the top book. I also wanted to cut out a little tab so you can get your fingers in it and pick out the bottom book. The corners also need to be cut at an angle so that it fits in. 

(pic.drawing)

Here is the final box with the insert in it:

I also wanted to do a fold out poster with A Brief History of Lomography inside of it. I already had the bodycopy for it as I included it in the original book. I wanted it to fold out into A3 so that it would be big enough for someone to have on their wall as a poster. As I wanted it to be fold out, I wanted the order of the dates to be in the order that you would fold out the poster, so I made a mock up.

I went onto InDesign, and started seeing how the text would fit within the space that was available, and it was a really simple and quick thing to do but I think that it works. I used the same margins and font size that I did on the books to keep it consistent. 

I then had some trouble when printing, as one side was printing landscape, rather than portrait. However, I soon fixed this by altering the document and print settings.

Here is the final poster:

I then had to make the bellyband designs to go round the books and box. I wanted these as the box and books are plain, so you don't know what they contain right now. I used the same pattern as what is in the end pages to keep it consistent, and added a lomograph that I had taken to each one so that the viewer could see the kind of photos that would be featured. I tried to make them similar to the style of the Lomography bellybands on their own packaging.

OUGD401 - From Theory Into Practice

Based on the research I have done, here is the bodycopy:

History of

Here is how it all started..

1982
The first Lomo LC-A was produced in Russia, when a general from the USSR Ministry of Defence and Industry, Igor Petrowitsch Kornitzky, found a little japanese camera and handed it to his comrade, Michail Panfilowitsch Panfiloff - who was the director of LOMO Russian Arms and Optical factory. After noticing it's qualities they gave orders to reproduce it. Millions were produced, and they were so popular other communist countries such as Cuba, Czechoslovkia and Vietnam started using them.

1991
However, it wasn't until a decade later when some Viennese students came across a Lomo LC-A in an old camera shop that Lomography as we know it now was introduced. They developed strange photographs with vivid colours, and people wanted to know how they got them, so they discovered more about these cameras. The following year they founded the Lomographic Society International, and published the Ten Golden Rules of Lomography:

1. Take your camera everywhere you go
2. Use it any time – day and night
3. Lomography is not an interference in your life, but part of it
4. Try the shot from the hip
5. Approach the objects of your Lomographic desire as close as possible
6. Don't think (William Firebrace)
7. Be fast
8. You don't have to know beforehand what you captured on film
9. Afterwards either
10. Don't worry about any rules

1994
Their website, lomo.com, is introduced, allowing lomographers across the globe to discuss and share their lomographs.
They also had their first exhibitions in New York and Moscow, showcasing lomowalls. Lomowalls are a collection of thousands of lomographs put together on a wall, creating an overwhelming experience for the viewer.

1997
The website is updated, renamed to Lomography.com, and boasts a shop to buy cameras and accessories; activities; forums; articles and much more, making lomography a thriving community. 
Madrid also held the first Lomographic World Congress, with a Lomowall 120 metres long - featuing more than 35,000 lomographs.

1998
The Actionsampler is introduced by the Lomographic Society International, and has four lens. This is one of the cameras featured in this book with examples of photographs it can take.

2000
The Supersampler is introduced, a camera which takes four panoramic images in one photograph. 
LomoHomes was introduced on Lomography.com so that people could showcase their own lomographs and make their very own lomowalls.

2001
In Vienna, the first Lomography store opened, with lomowalls covering the shop. It sold lomography products as well as holding workshops and activities for people to do.

2003
Along with photography products, a bag called The Sidekick TPE was introduced to the Lomography range. This kickstarted a further range of accessories to be brought in, such as clothing, camera bags and keychains.

2005
The fisheye camera is introduced this year, it pans nearly 180 degrees in 35mm. This is another camera that this book will be featuring photographic examples of.

2006
The production of the original Lomo LC-A is stopped, and replaced with the improved Lomo LC-A+. The camera is now made in China, and offers a more improved design featuring a multiple exposure button.

2007
The Diana+ is introduced by the Lomographic Society International. New stores also opened in Paris, Seoul and Hong Kong. A limited edition of the Holga and Diana+ cameras were introduced in collaboration with The White Stripes.

2008
A convention was held at Photnika in Germany, with a lomowall spanning across the walls and floor. A book about the Lomo LC-A was also launched at the convention, along with a montage of lomographs from around the world.
The Lubitel+ was also introduced, as a reproduction of the original two lens Lubitel. 
The photographic techniques, cross-processing and redscaling, were made more accessible with the launch of two new films - the Lomography Redscale and Lomography X-Pro film.

2009
The website was updated further, with more scope for socialising within the community and more information about analogue photography. 
A new shop was opened in New York City.
Dianalogues: Through A Woman's Lens was published, a book produced in collaboration with Lomography and colette - a Parisian boutique. It is told from a women's perspective, featuring lomographs taken by women.
The Lomo LC-A+ 25th Anniversary camera was released, celebrating 25 years since the original camera was introduced. 
The Diana World Tour also began, exhibiting lomographs from around the world.

2010
Another lomography convention was held at Photnika in Cologne.
The award winning Spinner 360 was released, as well as the Sprocket Rocket, a camera which revolves around sprockets. 
The Lomo LC-A+ White and Lomo LC-A+ Gold was introduced to tie in with the 25th anniversary. 
Nine new gallery stores were opened worldwide, and the Diana World Tour was still in full swing.
Lomography introduced a new range of films, including 120 and 35mm formats and new X-Pro and Redscale films.

2011
Valentines Day Special cameras were introduced the 'I Love Lomo' Fisheye 2; the 'Take My Heart' Diana F+ and the 'Love Is In The Air' Diana Mini. 
New T-shirt designs were introduced to the fashion range.
LomoLabs opened in the UK and the USA, so people could get their varied films developed more easily. 
Three special camera editions were released, with proceeds going to The Red Cross of Japan: 'The Jiyu' Diana Mini; 'Kirameki' Diana F+ and the 'Shiawase' Fisheye 2. 
In Hong Kong hundreds of thousands of people turned up to the Lomography Times Square Exhibition and witnessed a LomoWorldMap. A limited edition called the White Sprocket Rocket was introduced to celebrate the event.
The Lomo LC-Wide was also released this year, the widest lens compact camera in the Lomography range.
Two new films were released: the Lady Grey 120, Early Grey 35mm and Lomography X Tungsten 35mm film, meaning more choice for people using film. 
There was also the launch of the LC-A+ Russia Day, a camera wrapped in red leather. 
Several cameras got a colour makeover including the Sprocket Rocket, Diana F+, Diana Mini and Fisheye 2. The La Sardinia camera range expanded with the addition of four more editions. 

2012
A new Fisheye camera and Lomokino Smart Phone Holder was released this year. The Spinner 360 was improved with a motorised spinner. A range of Animal Edition cameras were introduced, including the Diana F+ Zebra, Diana Mini Leopard, Fisheye 2 Python, La Sardina Orinoco Ochre and Sapphire Serpent. 

Camera Families
LOMO LC-A
The camera that started it all, this has been improved over the decades since the original. You can change the aperture setting, create easy multiple exposures, change the ISO up to 1600 and it even has a cable release thread.
Effect: vignettes; saturation; vivid colours; 'signature 35mm lomographic look'

Lomo LC-W
This is the only wide angle compact camera in the Lomo family, with a 17mm wide lens. You can take photos in a half frame, square format or full format by using a 35mm film.
Effect: vignettes; exaggerated colours

Belair

This versatile medium format camera allows you to take photographs in three different formats, has interchangeable lenses, and a wide selection of ISO ranges. You can create panoramas, multiple exposures and have automatic shutter settings.

LomoKino
This is the first Lomo analogue video camera. With it's easy to use aperture controls and ability to focus fast you can create short movies on a 35mm film.
Effect: lo-fi sound effects

La Sardinia
This 35mm wide angle lens camera is shaped like a sardine tin. It comes in over 30 designs, and has had several limited edition specials.

Diana F+
A classic reproduction of the 1960s camera, the Diana F+ shoots in 120 format and has a light-weight plastic build making it easy to take anywhere. With different accessories you can have a flash; different lenses and an instant back to see your photos as soon as they happen. There are so many different variations and designs, such as the Diana Multi Pinhole Operator and the Diana F+ Glow in the Dark.
Effects: soft focus; vignette.

Diana Mini
A mini verson of the Diana F+, you can take photos in either half frames or square shots, producing interesting, whimsical images. They come in a variety of colours and designs, so there is plenty to choose from!
Effect: lo fi; bulb setting (for long exposures)

Sprocket Rocket
As the name implies, the panoramic photos you take with a 35mm include the sprockets of the film, due to the incredibly wide lens! Lomography introduced a range of SUPERPOP! Sprocket Rockets which come in an array of vivid colours.

Fisheye
There are three variations of the Fisheye camera. Fisheye One lets you take photos; Fisheye 2 allows this along with the ability to do multiple and long exposures; Fisheye Baby 110 is a smaller version taking 110 film, and they all do this with a 170 distortion. 

Spinner 360
This camera allows you to take photos with s 360 panorama, just by pulling a cord which spins it round. 

Multi Lens
Lomography have a range of multi lens cameras including the ActionSampler, SuperSampler and the Pop 9. Multiple lens allow for sequential photos with different shutter speeds, to get a sense of movement. 

Lubitel
A Russian classic, this medium format camera has two lenses and are a collectible item. 

Holga
One of the more popular lomography cameras, they range from medium format; twin lenses;  stereo; pinhole and 35mm film editions. 
Effects: lofi; soft focus; colour filiters; light leaks; 

Pinhole Cameras
Lomography have a range of pinhole cameras, from DIY cardboard cameras to Diana and Holga versions. This way you can create images without using a lens, but with just a pinhole.

The Film
Choosing the film is an important part of lomography, as they can produce incredibly different effects.

Film Formats
35mm
This is the most common film you can buy, with supermarkets and shops selling them. You can use these in most cameras, and they come in either black and white or colour. They have holes on them to fit within the sprockets, and when you use them with a larger format camera, the image will reach past these edges creating an interesting effect.

120mm
This fits in medium format cameras like the Holga or the Belair, and because produce square images. As they are bigger than other formats, they have higher quality images, with great attention to detail.

110mm
Having been reintroduced in 2012 by Lomography, these are small films allowing the world to be seen in a new perspective. They work with cameras such as the Diana Mini or the Fisheye Baby.

Film Types
Colour negative
This is the most common type of film, and can be brought and processed in C-41 chemicals at pretty much any pharmacy or photography shop. Perfect for taking everday photos, capturing exactly what you see in front of you.

Slide film
Also a colour film, the effect of the images when developed are more saturated and vivid than regular colour negative film. Although usually developed in E6 chemicals, you can still use the C-41 chemical process to achieve surreal, random results.

Black and white
A great alternative to colour film if you want to go for the true analogue look, perfect for monochromatic contrasts and different tones.

Redscale
Lomographers first started this technique by loading film backwards so that images were shot onto the semi-transparent side of the film. This created warm tones of colour, in reds, oranges and yellows. Now Lomography has created a range of redscale films where the film is already loaded backwards.

Cross processing
This is a processing technique whereby you develop slide film using the same chemicals as you would for colour negative film. This creates vivid and saturated colours, with each time producing a different result which makes it so unique.

Expired film
Films have an expiry date, but once they have past it, they create effects that lomographers love. The reason films have an expiry date is because when they are in production, they are made to be a certain speed like ISO 400. However, certain conditions can affect this when making its way to the consumer like humidity, lighting or temperature. Meaning when it reaches you, the ISO might actually produce images as though it was a lower speed like ISO 200. When it reaches past the expiry date, the manufacturer can't be held responsible for any random effects which appear on the images once developed. The important thing to remember is to shoot on a sunny day, and the effects vary each time, which range from colour shifts to grainy images. 

The Experiments
Here are some photographs that can be taken with a range of Lomography cameras: Holga; Holga Tim; Fisheye and ActionSampler.

As I wanted to experiment with lightpainting, I decided to try it out digitally first to see how long to expose it for, what lighting I would need etc.

For the previous attempts I was using glowing cubes which produced a blurry effect, but then I started to use the flashlight on my phone which produced a sharper, brighter effect.

I then looked at long exposures with traffic:

I also experimented digitally with long exposures:

Here are the photos I took with the Holga:

Here are the photos I took with the Holga Tim:

Here are the photos I took with the Actionsampler:

Here are the photos I took with the Fisheye:

Illustrations

Here are the camera illustrations that I made:

I changed the colour of them to all the colours that are featured on the website.

Net
Here are some drawings of patterns. I wanted to incorporate the style of the La Sardina designs into it.

Here is the net for my pinhole camera:

Page Layout
Here are screenshots and development of when I went onto InDesign. I decided the paper size around how big the net will be. 

Perforated Pages
I spoke to woodwork about making the wooden bookcovers, and he suggested having perforated pages instead so the net can be within the pages. I think that this is a better idea, so I am going to do this instead.


Presentation
We had to present our work so far to some peers and a tutor, so here it is:

I also needed to include three photographs that weren't my own because I didn't use an expired film, I don't have a 110mm format camera, or a instant film camera. I found them on lomography.com:

The feedback I got was really constructive, Fred said that I should condense my work as it is too much to fit in one book, and think about what the interesting parts are. 
As I think all the information is relevant, what I am going to do is create separate publications and package it, so each section is divided better. I want to have a book with the camera, film and photographs in so that you can see what you can do, and how to achieve it; a booklet of the make your own pinhole camera kit and a fold out poster with the timeline on it.